Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) refers to a sudden and rapid decline in kidney function that occurs over hours or days. Unlike chronic kidney disease, AKI develops quickly and often results from severe infections, dehydration, major surgery, heart conditions, certain medications, or trauma. This abrupt reduction in kidney performance can lead to the accumulation of waste products in the blood, fluid overload, and dangerous electrolyte imbalances if not treated promptly.

Early diagnosis is crucial in preventing permanent damage. Nephrologists assess urine output, blood tests such as serum creatinine, and underlying medical conditions to identify the cause. Treatment primarily focuses on addressing the root problem—such as treating infections, restoring blood flow, correcting dehydration, or adjusting medications that may harm the kidneys. Close monitoring in hospital settings may be required for moderate to severe cases.